Actresses such as Sophia Loren, Giulietta Masina and Gina Lollobrigida achieved international stardom during this period. Neorealism declined in the late 1950s in favor of lighter films, such as those of the Commedia all'italiana genre and important directors like Federico Fellini and Michelangelo Antonioni. A new era took place at the end of World War II with the birth of the influential Italian neorealist movement, reaching a vast consensus of audiences and critics throughout the post-war period, and which launched the directorial careers of Luchino Visconti, Roberto Rossellini, and Vittorio De Sica. While Italy's Fascist government provided financial support for the nation's film industry, notably the construction of the Cinecittà studios (the largest film studio in Europe), it also engaged in censorship, and thus many Italian films produced in the late 1930s were propaganda films. A popular Italian genre during this period, the Telefoni Bianchi, consisted of comedies with glamorous backgrounds. After a period of decline in the 1920s, the Italian film industry was revitalized in the 1930s with the arrival of sound film.

One of the first cinematic avant-garde movements, Italian futurism, took place in the late 1910s. Italian filmmakers were using complex set designs, lavish costumes, and record budgets, to produce pioneering films. In the early 1900s, artistic and epic films such as Otello (1906), The Last Days of Pompeii (1908), L'Inferno (1911), Quo Vadis (1913), and Cabiria (1914), were made as adaptations of books or stage plays. In the early years of the 20th century, silent cinema developed, bringing numerous Italian stars to the forefront until the end of World War I. These brief experiments immediately met the curiosity of the popular class, encouraging operators to produce new films until they laid the foundations for the birth of a true film industry. The first films date back to 1896 and were made in the main cities of the Italian peninsula. The first Italian director is considered to be Vittorio Calcina, a collaborator of the Lumière Brothers, who filmed Pope Leo XIII in 1896.

The history of Italian cinema began a few months after the Lumière brothers began motion picture exhibitions. As of 2018, Italian films have won 14 Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film (the most of any country) as well as 12 Palmes d'Or (the second-most of any country), one Academy Award for Best Picture and many Golden Lions and Golden Bears. Italy is one of the birthplaces of art cinema and the stylistic aspect of film has been the most important factor in the history of Italian film. Since its beginning, Italian cinema has influenced film movements worldwide. The cinema of Italy ( Italian: Cinema italiano, pronounced ) comprises the films made within Italy or by Italian directors. A collage of notable Italian actors and filmmakers

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